36 of 36 terms

FTL (Full Truckload): A shipment that fills an entire truck. The shipper pays for the whole vehicle, which travels directly from pickup to delivery without sharing space.
LTL (Less Than Truckload): A shipment that occupies only part of a truck. Multiple shippers share the vehicle and split the cost; transit usually includes consolidation stops.
FCL (Full Container Load): Ocean freight where one shipper uses a full container. Faster and more secure than sharing, priced per container.
LCL (Less than Container Load): Ocean freight where cargo from several shippers is consolidated into one container and priced by volume (CBM).
CBM (Cubic Meter): The standard volume unit in freight: length × width × height in meters. LCL ocean rates and many road quotes are priced per CBM.
Volumetric weight: A billing weight derived from package volume (L × W × H ÷ divisor). Carriers charge the higher of actual and volumetric weight.
Chargeable weight: The weight a carrier actually bills: the greater of actual weight and volumetric weight.
Incoterms: Standard trade terms published by the ICC (EXW, FOB, CIF, DAP, DDP…) that define where cost, risk and responsibility pass from seller to buyer.
FOB (Free On Board): An Incoterm: the seller delivers goods on board the vessel; risk and cost transfer to the buyer once loaded at the origin port.
CIF (Cost, Insurance & Freight): An Incoterm: the seller pays freight and minimum insurance to the destination port; risk passes to the buyer at loading.
DAP (Delivered At Place): An Incoterm: the seller delivers to the named destination ready for unloading; the buyer handles import clearance and duties.
DDP (Delivered Duty Paid): An Incoterm: the seller bears all costs and risks to the destination, including import duties and taxes.
HS code: Harmonized System code — the international product classification used by customs to determine duties and rules. National codes extend it to 8–12 digits.
EORI number: Economic Operators Registration and Identification number — required to import or export goods through EU customs.
A.TR certificate: A movement certificate for industrial goods traded between Türkiye and the EU under the customs union, granting duty-free circulation.
EUR.1 certificate: A preferential origin certificate that lets goods claim reduced or zero duty under free trade agreements.
Bill of Lading (B/L): The ocean transport contract, cargo receipt and document of title in one. Whoever legitimately holds the original B/L controls the goods.
CMR: The standard international road consignment note under the CMR Convention — evidence of the transport contract and cargo condition.
AWB (Air Waybill): The air cargo transport document. Unlike a bill of lading, it is not a document of title.
Demurrage: A charge when a container stays at the port/terminal beyond the free time — billed per day until it is picked up.
Detention: A charge when equipment (usually a container) is kept outside the terminal longer than the allowed free time before being returned.
THC (Terminal Handling Charge): The fee terminals charge for loading/unloading containers at origin (OTHC) or destination (DTHC).
Freight forwarder: A company that organizes transport on behalf of shippers — booking carriers, handling documents and often consolidating cargo. Forwarders can bid on LogiFind like carriers.
Customs broker: A licensed agent who prepares and files customs declarations, calculates duties and clears goods through import/export formalities.
Cargo insurance (ICC A/B/C): Marine cargo cover under Institute Cargo Clauses: ICC (A) is all-risks, (B) covers named major perils, (C) is the narrowest basic cover.
War-risk surcharge: Extra insurance/freight cost applied on lanes passing through conflict or high-risk areas (e.g. certain straits and seas).
Milk run: A planned multi-stop route where one vehicle picks up or delivers at several points in a loop — cutting cost versus separate direct trips.
Cross-docking: A flow where inbound goods are transferred at a hub directly to outbound vehicles with little or no storage in between.
Backhaul (return load): Freight carried on the return leg of a trip that would otherwise run empty — key to reducing empty kilometers and cost.
Dead mileage (empty running): Distance a vehicle travels without cargo. Marketplaces reduce it by matching return loads to empty legs.
Spot freight: One-time shipments priced at current market conditions, as opposed to contracted volume at pre-agreed rates.
Tender: A structured request for freight quotes — shippers publish requirements and providers submit competing bids.
Dangerous goods (UN number, packing group): Cargo classified as hazardous. The UN number identifies the substance; the packing group (I–III) indicates its danger level.
Reefer: A temperature-controlled (refrigerated) container or trailer used for perishable cargo.
TEU: Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit — the standard measure of container capacity. A 40-foot container equals 2 TEU.
ETA / ETD: Estimated Time of Arrival / Departure — the forecast schedule of a shipment or vehicle.